APPEC RESEARCH
DATABASE
Last
update – July 1, 2008
Web
links are provided for convenience. Although reasonable efforts are made to
ensure they are correct, websites may be reorganized.
Should
the link not work, please search on the website in question by document
title/author or use Google
Classification of
References (ignoring any bias) (insert in bold)
|
Description |
Classification |
Description |
Classification |
|
Basic
research |
1 |
Government
document |
6 |
|
Compilation
of research with references cited |
|
Other
organizations document (eg Ont
Sustainable Energy Assn) |
7 |
|
-
Authoritative (ie a reasonably accepted expertise
in the area) |
2A |
|
|
|
-
Not authoritative |
2B |
|
|
|
Authoritative
opinion within area of expertise |
|
|
|
|
-
With references cited |
3A |
|
|
|
-
No references cited |
3B |
|
|
|
Authoritative
opinion not within area of expertise |
|
|
|
|
-
With references cited |
4A |
Popular
book |
|
|
-
No references cited |
4B |
-
Writer has expertise (eg lovelock) |
8A |
|
Other
opinion |
|
-
Writer is basically a layman |
8B |
|
-
With references cited |
5A |
Media
report |
9 |
|
-
No references cited |
5B |
Anecdotal |
10 |
Contents
Actions Being Taken by Local Governments
Documents that would have to be purchased
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
Calculating
the Real Cost of Industrial Wind Power 2007 |
Keith
Stelling |
|
Comprehensive
coverage Good
References |
4B |
http://windfarms.wordpress.com/2007/12/06/calculating-the-real-cost-of-industrial-wind-power/ |
|
OPA Supply Mix Advice 2005 |
OPA |
|
Link
is to summary. Follow link at bottom
of page to very extensive full report, which is a good primer on all aspects
of electricity situation in |
6 |
http://www.powerauthority.on.ca/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=1139&SiteNodeID=139
|
|
Integrated Supply Plan 2007 |
OPA |
|
General
Introduction of plan for |
6 |
http://www.powerauthority.on.ca/IPSP/Page.asp?PageID=924&SiteNodeID=320
|
|
Integrated Supply Plan 2007 – Conservation
and Supply Resources |
OPA |
|
Extensive
coverage following on from the Supply Mix Advice |
6 |
http://www.powerauthority.on.ca/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=1139&SiteNodeID=139
|
|
Integrated Supply Plan 2007 - Transmission |
OPA |
|
Extensive
coverage following on from the Supply Mix Advice |
6 |
http://www.powerauthority.on.ca/IPSP/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=6215&SiteNodeID=320
|
|
Oct 2006 |
GE Energy Project Team |
|
Study
done for OPA, IESO and CanWEA. Outlines the issues
with grid integration of wind energy into |
2A Grid |
|
|
Policy
Comments on Point Petre Commercial Wind Turbine
Generating Plant |
Archives
and Collection Society |
|
Great
“local” overview and commentary on WT |
|
http://www.aandc.org/research/wind_pec_present.html |
|
Presentation
for |
David
Lee |
|
Good
presentation/summary of negative aspects of wind energy for local and |
|
http://www.wolfeislandresidents.ca/pdfs/DAVID%20LEE%20presentation.pdf |
|
New
Wind Report Fundamentally Flawed Renewable
Energy Foundation May 2005 |
Renewable
Energy Foundation (REF)
|
|
Press release from REF (a very pro renewable
energy organization). Criticizes the |
3B |
|
|
Danish
Wind to Good to be True The
Utilities Journal July
2004 |
David
J White |
|
|
|
http://www.viewsofscotland.org/library/docs/Too_Good_to_be_True_Jul_04.pdf |
|
A
Problem with Wind Power 2006 |
Eric
Rosenbloom |
|
Self
published Good
overall document, lots of references and links |
|
|
|
German
Expert Warns of Wind Energy’s Economic Downside Dec
2005 |
Professor Wolfgang Pfaffenberger, Director of the Bremer Energy Institute at the |
|
Access
through REF Have
not yet found original |
|
http://www.ref.org.uk/images/pdfs/Press_Release.08.12.05.pdf |
|
Human
Sites in |
OW
started |
|
Compiling
list of sites that may be more sensitive to WT than others – i.e. Ability
Camp, Port Milford Music Camp |
|
|
|
Ont Landowners Guide to Wind Energy 2005 |
Ont Sustainable Energy Assn |
|
Lots
of good info/must read Some
bias towards supporting wind but fairly realistic in most aspects |
7 |
http://www.wind-works.org/articles/OSEA-Landowners-2005-r1-v3.pdf
|
|
Developing
a Sustainable Energy Strategy |
Royal
|
|
Very
general document but questions the government program for new renewables. Analysis of wind impact based on ILEX study. |
2A Performance |
http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/publications/list/reports/Energy_Seminars_Report.pdf
|
|
DTI
Energy Review |
Prof
Emeritus MJ
O’Carroll |
|
Calls
for industrial wind to be re-classified as non-renewable. Defines Good
Quality Wind Power. |
3B |
|
|
Green
Energy Policy – The Great Wind Rush |
Tim
Le Roy |
|
Discussion
about policy in |
5B |
Copy
available |
|
Environmental
Impacts of Wind Energy Projects 2007 |
|
US |
Reserved
and emphasizes better government regulation. Suggests how studies should be
conducted. See press release under Web Link |
2A Health
Safety Environment Wildlife |
Must
be purchased See
press release at http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=11935 |
|
The
Truth About Industrial Wind Energy |
|
US |
Comprehensive
video presentation |
5A/B ? Noise
Health Accidents Property Values Quality of Life Water Wildlife Energy
Liability |
http://elliscoalition.blogspot.com/2007/05/video-truth-about-industrial-wind.html
|
|
Impact
of Wind Power Generation in |
ESB
National Grid |
|
It is not sufficient
to estimate the amount of energy which can be obtained from a given capacity
of WPG, and to assume that the equivalent percentage of fossil fuel and therefore CO2 can be avoided.
This ignores the impact of the increasing number of startups and lower
capacity factor as WPG increases. |
2A Capacity
Credit Financial Emissions |
|
|
The |
German professionals |
|
Most clearly written
condemnation of government wind energy policy. It calls for German government to end
direct and indirect subsidies to developers (note this document is from the
late 1990s) |
|
|
|
A Better Energy Plan |
|
|
Comprehensive plan
for |
3B |
|
|
The Case against Wind Farms,
2006 |
Etherington, Dr. John |
|
Excellent compendium
of information on wind power |
4A (3A?) |
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
Wind
Report 2005 |
E.ON
Netz |
|
Capacity
Factor = 18% Backup
= 90% Capacity
Credit = 8% |
1 |
http://www.eon-netz.com/Ressources/downloads/EON_Netz_Windreport2005_eng.pdf |
|
Why
Wind Power Works for |
Incoteco ( |
|
Shows
the problems in |
3B |
http://www.incoteco.com/upload/CIEN.158.2.66.pdf |
|
Why
|
Incoteco ( |
|
Speaks
to |
3B |
http://www.incoteco.com/upload/cien.2005.158.4.161.pdf |
|
Reduction
in Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Estimating the Potential Contribution from Wind
Power 2004 |
Renewable
Energy Foundation (David
White) |
|
No
emissions reductions from renewables (p 15) Load
following impact (p 15) Summaries
by country in Appx Fossil
fuel plant efficiency chart (p 15) |
2A CO2
Emissions |
http://www.ref.org.uk/Files/david.white.wind.co2.saving.12.04.pdf
|
|
Renewable
Energy – The Need for Balance and Quality 2005 |
Renewable
Energy Foundation |
|
Their
Manifesto 2005 |
|
http://www.ref.org.uk/Files/ref.manifesto08.02.04.pdf
|
|
Wind
Power – Variable or Intermittent 2006 |
Dr.
John Etherington |
|
Rebuts
Sinden’s paper Reserves Experience
in Emissions |
DTI Sinden |
|
|
DTI
Energy Review Response 2006 |
Professor
Emeritus MJ O’Carroll |
|
No
emissions reductions (p4) Generally
philosophical in nature Call
to classify wind as non-renewable Description
of Good Quality Wind Power |
|
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/7/8/mike_carroll.pdf |
|
Utility
Scale Wind Power: Impacts of Increased Penetration 2005 |
Pitt
et al U
Economics
Dept |
|
Low
Capacity Factors Poor
record of off shore in Net
load less smooth and predictable and greater (p 9) |
2A |
http://www.windaction.org/documents/5887 Follow
link at bottom of page |
|
Economics
of Wind Power with Energy Storage |
Pablo
et al U
Economics
Dept |
|
Needs
review |
1 |
http://web.uvic.ca/~kooten/REPA/WorkingPaper2006-02.pdf |
|
Integrating
Wind Power in Electricity Grids: An Economic Analysis |
Liu
et al U
Economics
Dept |
|
See
last para re questioning the notion that wind power
is able to deliver on CO2 emissions claimed. |
1 |
http://www.iesvic.uvic.ca/publications/library/IGEC_Pitt.pdf |
|
Review
of Wind Power Results in Ont May –Oct 2006 |
Tom
Adams Energy
Probe |
|
Comments
on GE Wind Integration Study (p13) Recommendations
include need to ensure consumer interests of reliability and affordability |
1 |
http://www.energyprobe.org/energyprobe/articles/EPreviewofwindpowerresults.pdf |
|
|
Tom
Adams Energy
Probe |
|
Power
Point presentation Fairly
critical of wind Geog
dispersion not showing much effect |
1 |
Copy
available |
|
Estimation
of real emissions reduction caused by wind generators 2003 |
O.
Liik et al |
|
Shows
that backup generation causes increased fuel consumption and emissions which
could eliminate environmental gains claimed by wind proponents |
1 |
http://www.etsap.org/worksh_6_2003/2003P_liik.pdf |
|
An Assessment of the Reliability of the Electricity System From October 2007 to March 2009 |
|
|
|
|
http://www.ieso.ca/imoweb/pubs/marketReports/18MonthOutlook_2007sep.pdf |
|
Wind power in |
Dr. VC Mason for the
Country Guardian |
|
In
depth assessment of |
4A |
|
|
Wind Power in |
Dr. VC Mason for the
Country Guardian |
|
Update.
Minimum separation. Backup running even when wind is exceeding demand.
Reduction in production for turbines behind others. Now says supplying 6% of
demand. (Variation from year to year?) |
4A Emissions Birds Property
Value Backup Protests |
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
PUC
investigating state’s electric grid status, news item Mar 1 2008 |
Star-Telegram |
|
ERCOT
(Electric Reliability Council of Texas) runs the |
9 |
|
|
Oct 2006 |
GE Energy Project Team |
|
Study
done for OPA, IESO and CanWEA. Outlines the issues
with grid integration of wind energy into |
2A |
|
|
Integrating
Wind Power in the European Power Systems – prerequisites for successful and
organic growth, 2004 |
|
EU |
·
The
limited predictability and the high fluctuations, limited availability
Forecasting the electricity production from wind power is possible only to a
limited extent ·
Maximum
expected forecasting deviations increase with the rise in the installed wind
capacity. ·
Back-up
capacities from other power plants have to be kept in reserve ·
congestion
of the existing infrastructure |
3B |
http://www.ucte.org/_library/otherreports/UCTE-position-on-wind-power.pdf |
|
European
Wind Integrations Study: Towards a Successful Integration of Wind Power into
European Electricity Grids. 2007 |
European
Transmission System Operators |
EU |
Echoes
UCTE concerns |
3B |
http://www.etso-net.org/upload/documents/Final-report-EWIS-phase-I-approved.pdf |
|
Planning
for the Grid Integration of Wind Energy in Germany Onshore and Offshore up to
the Year 2020, 2005 |
Consortium
of DEWI/E.ON Netz/EWI/RWE Transport Grid,
Electricity/VE Transmission |
EU |
See
page 10 |
3B |
,
http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/wp-content/uploads/dena-integratingwind2020.pdf |
|
Final
Report: System Disturbance on 4 November 2006, 2007 |
|
EU |
Found
that much blame could be attributed to wind power in the E.ON Netz area of operations in |
3B |
http://www.ucte.org/_library/otherreports/Final-Report-20070130.pdf |
|
Power
grid narrowly averted rolling blackouts 2008 |
Electric
Reliability Council of |
US |
Event
illustrates the inherent challenges associated with using wind power. Because
the wind sometimes stops blowing without a moment's notice |
9 |
http://www.star-telegram.com/state_news/v-print/story/500595.html
|
|
The Economics of Wind Power: Destabilizing
an Electricity Grid with Renewable Power, 2007 |
Prescott, Ryan et al, |
|
The
associated high capital costs of new generating facilities may not be an
ideal use of funds for addressing climate change. Check
Figures 3&4 pages 22-23 and associated description on page 14. |
2A |
|
|
Wind: Intermittent Power: continuous, 2004 |
Kreusel, Jochen (ABB Power Technologies |
|
Assumes
renewables area a key measure for securing
sustainable energy supply. Wind
fluctuations and forecasting comments Effective
capacity of 10-15% Large
scale wind is unknown territory, especially offshore |
3A Production
Performance Offshore
|
http://www.abb.com/ (search on document title) |
|
Application of the East German Grid Experience in Renewable Energies Integration into the Brazilian Energy System 2006 |
Silva, Milton S. et al |
Gemany Brazil |
Brazil
is mainly hydro-electric and is a leader in Latin America in renewable energy
production. Acknowledges difficulties experienced in Germany |
2A Forecasting
wind Fluctuations |
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
The
Cost of Generating Electricity |
PB
Power for Royal |
|
Shows
high cost of wind but is based on generous Capacity Factor of 35% |
1 |
http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/publications/list/reports/Cost_of_Generating_Electricity.pdf
|
|
Impact of wind farms on the value of
residential property and agricultural land |
|
|
Property values are
impacted, starting at the time of planning, diminishing in time |
|
http://www.stopcambridgewindfarm.org.uk/documents/RICSSurvey-WindFarmEffects.pdf
|
|
AS green power investments rise a fear
they are being misguided, 2008 |
De Boer, Yvo, Executive Secretary of UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change |
|
Investment in renewables questioned |
9 |
http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/02/28/business/green.php?page=1
|
|
Wind Turbines in Prince Edward County,
2008 |
APPEC |
Canada |
Impact on property
values See slides 23-29 Slide 28 shows
Environmental Review Report for Wolfe Island |
5A |
|
|
Wind Power Siting
Issues Overview, 2008 |
Energy Ventures Analysis Inc. |
US |
Presented at
National Association of Attorneys General meeting April 21, 2008 For property value
impact, see slides 12-15, 11 studies reviewed, 7 showing negative impact, 4
no adverse impact |
3A |
http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/wp-content/uploads/hewson-windpoweroverview-naag.pdf
|
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
|
Electricity
Storage Association |
US |
Trade
Association. Complete info on technologies available |
3B |
http://electricitystorage.org/ |
|
SUSTAINABLE
ELECTRICAL ENERGY SUPPLY WITH WIND, BIOMASS AND
PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE – A
REALISTIC LONG-TERM STRATEGY OR UTOPIA? 2004 |
Leonard,
W. et al |
Germany |
Very
good analysis. Conclusion is that it is not feasible |
2A Wind
production Variability,
offshore |
http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r8/germany/ias-pels/m_berlin/leonard/sustainable_electrical_2b.pdf
|
|
Xcel
to use multiple 50 KW batteries to store wind-generated power, 2008 |
Pioneer
Press |
US |
sodium-sulfur
battery being used in Questions
– scalability, cost |
9 |
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
Standards/General |
|
|
|
|
|
|
IEC Wind Turbine Standards |
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), |
International |
Awea site lists standards for WT IEC 61400-1 Wind Turbine Safety
and Design
IEC 61400-1 Ed2 Wind Turbine Safety
and Design Revision IEC
61400-2 Small Wind Turbine
Safety
IEC 61400-12 Power Performance IEC
61400-11 Noise Measurement IEC
61400-13 Mechanical Load
Measurements
IEC 61400-22 Wind Turbine
Certification IEC 61400-23 Blade Structural Testing IEC 61400-21 Power Quality |
|
|
|
Wind
Power Production Incentive Environmental Impact Statement Guidelines for Screenings of Inland Wind Farms Under the Canadian
Environmental Assessment Act 2003 |
Natural Resources |
|
A
questionable assessment guideline. |
|
http://www.canren.gc.ca/app/filerepository/EE1AD3621A7047A68D990EE84D71169B.pdf |
|
For those of you who
don’t want to slog through the mathematics necessary to do this calculation, |
Terry Matilsky |
|
Ice
throw
calculations. |
|
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~matilsky/windmills/throw.html |
|
Canadian Wind Energy
Association Position on Large-Scale Wind Turbines in Rural Areas (MOE Class
3) in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market Readiness Assessment and Strategic Economic Development Plan prepared for |
WCM Consulting Inc. |
|
Consultant’s report prepared
for council? Interviewed a wide range
of county resident’s. Key aspect is that the natural and cultural attributes
of the county are what attracts people who then create opportunities. PEC should use that for economic
development. |
|
http://www.pecounty.on.ca/government/corporate_services/pdf/MarketReadinessStudy.pdf |
|
Semi-empirical Aerocoustic
Noise Prediction Code for Wind Turbines (NREL Report, 2003) |
P. Moriarty and P. Migliore |
|
|
|
Can
be found at |
|
Development and Validation of a
Semi-Empirical Wind Turbine Aeroacoustic Code (NREL Report, 2004) |
P. Moriarty |
|
|
|
Can
be found at |
|
PROPOSED CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING LOW FREQUENCY NOISE ANNOYANCE IN OCCUPATIONAL SETTINGS International Journal of Occupational
Medicine and Environmental Health 2006;19(3):185 – 197 DOI 10.2478/v10001-006-0022-9 |
MAŁGORZATA
PAWLACZYK-ŁUSZCZYŃSKA1, WIESŁAW SZYMCZAK2,3, ADAM DUDAREWICZ1, and MARIOLA ŚLIWIŃSKA-KOWALSKA1 |
|
|
|
http://versita.metapress.com/media/1a48qmtqum3yhd6vkyvm/contributions/p/6/2/4/p62442543537u120.pdf |
|
Evaluation of Supplemental Environmental Noise Analysis for “Cohocton Wind Power Project” Jan 2007 |
R.H. Bolton |
|
Good evaluation of
environmental assessment. Most areas
from measurement to special circumstances covered. Good references. |
|
http://batr.net/cohoctonwindwatch/Noise_Analysis_of_UPC_Wind__Cohocton__SDEIS%20Rev%202_RBolton.pdf |
|
Evaluation of Environmental Shadow Flicker Analysis for “Dutch Hill
Wind Power Project. 2007 |
R.H. Bolton |
|
Another good
evaluation of environmental assessment, this time for shadow flicker |
|
http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/wp-content/uploads/shadow.pdf |
|
Health/Noise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rapport Le retentissement du fonctionnement des eoliennes
sure la santé de l’home Academie National de Medecine (France) 2006 |
Academie National de Medecine |
|
French medical
academy calls for a minimum setback of 1500m from turbines to human sites. |
|
http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/wp-content/uploads/FrAcadMed-eoliennes.pdf |
|
Guide to Environmental Assessment
Requirements For Electricity Projects PIBS 4021e March 2001 |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
A
through guide for project proponents |
Environment
Wildlife |
|
|
Effects of Low Frequency Noise on Sleep Noise & Health 2004,6;23,87-91 |
K.P.
Waye |
|
Links
low frequency noise even at low levels (traffic, HVAC etc) with sleep
disturbance – this leads to health problems. |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Effects_of_low_frequency_noise_on_sleep.pdf |
|
Health, hazard, and quality of life near wind
power installations. How close is too close? 2005 |
N.
Pierpont |
|
Letter
to local paper highlighting hazards |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Health,_hazard,_and_quality_of_life_3-2-05.pdf |
|
Wind
Turbine Syndrome: Noise,
shadow flicker, and health rebuttal to the Draft Environmental Impact
Statement prepared by Noble Environmental, LLC, 2006 |
N.
Pierpont |
|
Pierpont
rebuttal to EA in NY Combines
effect of noise, flicker,shadow
to produce WTS. |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Wind_turbine_syndrome_with_refs.pdf |
|
Wind Turbine Syndrome Testimony before the March 7, 2006 |
N.
Pierpont |
|
Text
of testimony in NY State. Outlines
what Wind Turbine Syndrome is |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Wind_turbine_syndrome,_NYS_Energy_Committee_3-7-06.pdf |
|
Health Effects of Wind Turbine Noise 2006 |
N. Pierpont |
|
Letter/self
published Recommends
1.5 miles from resident, school, hospital |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Health_effects_of_wind_turbine_noise_3-2-06.pdf |
|
Letters from residents near wind turbines. |
Various |
Mainly |
Large
number of letters, statements from people affected by WT. Many good examples of how people are
effected |
|
|
|
Wind
Turbines, Noise and Health Feb.
2007 |
Dr.
Amanda Harry |
|
Self
published 32
page document with original survey work, another 30 pages of references and
anecdotal remarks from WT victims |
|
http://www.windturbinenoisehealthhumanrights.com/wtnoise_health_2007_a_barry.pdf |
|
Noise
Radiation from Wind Turbines installed near homes: Effects on Health Feb
2007 |
B.
Frey, P.J. Hadden |
|
Self
published Good
review of health effects from interviews. |
|
http://www.windturbinenoisehealthhumanrights.com/wtnhhr_june2007.pdf |
|
Noise annoyance from wind turbines – a review Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2003 |
E.
Pedersen, Hi Halmstad Naturvardsverket
|
|
Review
In 2003 ·
Annoyance
linked to exposure ·
WT
most annoying (much more than traffic) ·
Influenced
by visual ·
Does
not directly cause health problems ·
Not
easily masked ·
Sometimes
poorly masked due to topography |
|
|
|
Sources and effects of low-frequency noise J Acoutstical Society of
America 99 (5), May 1996 |
B.
Berglund, P. Hassmen |
|
Great
for understanding low-frequency noise, extensive references |
|
|
|
Noise annoyance in Noise and Health
Year :
2005 | Volume :
7 | Issue :
27 | Page : 39-47 |
D.S. Michaud, S.E.
Keith, D. McMurchy Consumer and
Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health |
|
Basic
survey on noise annoyance in |
|
|
|
Noise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The sounds of high winds the effect of
atmospheric stability on wind turbine sound and microphone noise 2006 |
G.P. van den Berg University of |
|
Van
den Berg’s doctoral thesis Covers
night sound increase and microphone /measurement issues |
|
http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/FILES/faculties/science/2006/g.p.van.den.berg/17_thesis.pdf http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/294294104 |
|
The Beat is Getting Stronger: The Effect of
Atmospheric Stability on Low frequency modulated Sound of Wind Turbines
Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control Volume 24,
Number 1, 2005 |
G.P. van den Berg |
|
Effects
of atmospheric stability, angle of attack, decrease in large scale turbulence
all add up to increasing the actual noise level at a distance higher than
predictions Appendix
on the Three types of sound A. Infrasound: thickness sound. B. Low frequencies: in-flow turbulent
sound. C. High frequencies: trailing edge sound. |
|
http://www.stephanion.gr/aiolika/The_effect_of_atmospheric_st e-mail:
g.p.van.den.berg@nug.nl |
|
Effects of the wind profile at night on wind turbine sound J. Sound and Vibration 2003 |
G.P.
van den Berg |
|
Paper
that caused the stir-explaining why sound from WTG higher than predicted |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/van_den_Berg,_Effects_of_wind_profile_at_night.pdf |
|
Wind Turbine Power and Sound in Relation to Atmospheric Stability Wind Energy 2007 |
G.P.
van den Berg |
|
|
|
|
|
Do wind turbines produce significant low
frequency sound levels. 11th International Meeting on
Low Frequency Noise and vibration and its Control |
G.P. van den Berg |
|
Some
explanation of how impulsive sound can
be produced by WTG |
|
|
|
Wind Turbines at Night; acoustical
practice and sound research. Euronoise Naples 2003 |
G.P. van den Berg |
|
Straight
forward explanation of the work he has done on turbine noise. |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/van_den_Berg,_Wind_turbines_at_night.pdf |
|
Location,
Location, Location An investigation into wind farms and noise by The Noise
Association July 2006 |
The
Noise Association (research arm of the UK Noise Association) |
|
Self
published Good
review of noise issues w WT. Somewhat
dismissive of infrasound? |
|
http://www.countryguardian.net/Location.pdf edited
version on: |
|
Hearing
at low and infrasonic frequencies Noise
& Health 2004, 6;23,37-57 |
Moller H, Pedersen CS Department
of Acoustics, |
|
|
|
|
|
Location
and quantification of noise sources on a wind turbine. Journal
of Sound and Vibration 299 (2007) 869-883 |
S. Oerlemans, P.Sijtsma, B. Mendex Lopez |
Netherland |
Dominant
noise from trailing edge noise |
|
|
|
Noise
Pollution from Wind Turbines Second
International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise Lyon |
J.
|
|
Paper
presented at conference – based on personal experience of authors |
|
http://www.puketiro.org/Uploaded%20Documents/Windfarm,%20Effects%20of%20LFN.pdf |
|
Abstracts
of the Second International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise Lyon |
various |
various |
All
abstracts (planned or given?) from this meeting are listed. |
|
|
|
Acoustic Noise Generated by Wind Turbines Presented at the Zoning Board
Hearing on 12/14/2005 |
Oguz A. Soysal osoysal@frostburg.edu |
|
PP
presentation to council hearing in PA.
Shows how sound and low frequency sound can be measured. |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Soysal,_Acoustic_noise_generated_by_wind_turbines.pdf |
|
Research into Aerodynamic modulation of Wind
Turbine Noise: Final Report July 2007 |
Moorhouse, M. Hayes, S von Hunerbein, B. Piper, M. Adams |
|
Refutes
much of van den Berg’s work. Done by a
business school under contract. |
|
|
|
Infrasound and Psychoacoustics 2005 |
A.
Rogers Renewable
Energy Research Laboratory |
|
Industry
presentation – building on concept that those complaining about noise are too
sensitive and upset about Wind turbines good/simple explanation of infrasound |
|
http://www.nationalwind.org/events/siting/presentations/rogers-infrasound.pdf |
|
Wind turbines and Infrasound 2006 |
HGC
Engineering |
|
CanWEA retained HGC to answer infrasound
question. Conclude that “’swoosh’ which is essentially higher frequency
broadband noise that is amplitude modulated at a low frequency. This low rate
of modulation should not be mistakenly identified as infrasound even though
it may increase the subjective loudness and potential annoyance.” |
|
http://www.wolfeislandwind.com/planning_docs/CanWEA_Infrasound_Study_Final.pdf |
|
Wind Turbines and Sound: Review and Best Practice
Guidelines 2007 |
HGC Engineering |
|
Industry
commissioned guidelines for sound. Handy
reference what the industry gives good practices. |
|
http://www.wolfeislandwind.com/planning_docs/CanWEA_Wind_Turbine_Sound_Study-Final.pdf |
|
Low frequency Noise and Infrasound from Wind
Turbine Generators |
G. Bellhouse |
|
Good
Review of lit up to 2004. Industry sponsored |
|
|
|
Propagation of Noise from Wind Turbines on-shore and off-shore NWCC
Technical Siting meeting 2005 |
Bo Sondergaard |
|
Noise
prediction methods over different terrains |
|
http://www.nationalwind.org/events/siting/presentations/sondergaard-noise_propogation.pdf |
|
Human response to wind turbine noise – perception, annoyance and moderating
factors 2007 |
Eja
Pedersen |
|
WT turbine
noise is easily perceived and is annoying even at low A-weighted SPLs. Due to
perceived incongruence between the characteristics of wind turbine noise
and the background sound. WT rotational movement attracts the eye. Adverse
reactions could possibly lead to stress-related symptoms due to prolonged physiological
arousal and hindrance to psychophysiological
restoration |
|
https://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace/bitstream/2077/4431/2/Pedersen_spikblad.pdf |
|
The impact of visual factors on noise annoyance among people living
in the vicinity of wind turbines. Submitted. |
Pedersen, E., and Larsman, P. |
|
|
|
|
|
Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise 2002 Amended Jan 2006 |
A. Rogers J. Manwell S. Wright Renewable Energy Research Laboratory U.
Massachusetts at Anherst |
|
Prepared by Renewable
energy lab. Slightly biased and does not really mention the possible
circumstances where noise will cause any problems. |
|
http://www.ceere.org/rerl/publications/whitepapers/Wind_Turbine_Acoustic_Noise_Rev2006.pdf |
|
Wind Turbine Acoustics NASA Technical Paper 3057 |
Harvey H. Hubbard and Kevin P. Shepherd |
|
Solid work. Many graphics used by others in comments on
assessments. Interestingly many of the
issues now faced by WT installations were apparently known in the early 1990. Good contrast to
wind energy sponsored studies. |
|
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910007366_1991007366.pdf |
|
Health/Noise Government
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It’s your Health Community Noise Annoyance Catalogue # 0-662-41546-9 Sept 2005 |
Health |
|
Health
|
|
http://hc-sc.gc.ca/iyh-vsv/alt_formats/cmcd-dcmc/pdf/community-urbain_e.pdf |
|
INTERPRETATION FOR APPLYING MOE NPC
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS TO WIND TURBINE GENERATORS Publication No. 4709e |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
|
|
|
|
NPC-104 |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
MOE
guidelines for modifying sound level limits This
is the guideline adjusting noise limits when there is a special quality of
sound |
|
Not
available on line from GO |
|
NPC 205 SOUND LEVEL LIMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES IN CLASS 1 & 2 AREAS
(URBAN) PIBS 3406e October 1995 |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
MOE
Sound level limits for urban areas |
|
|
|
NPC 232 SOUND LEVEL LIMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES IN CLASS 3 AREAS (RURAL) PIBS 3405e October 1995 |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
MOE
Sound level limits for rural areas |
|
|
|
NPC 233 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL OF STATIONARY SOURCES OF SOUND PIBS 3404e October 1995 |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
MOE
Guidelines for any source of sound |
|
|
|
Frequently Asked Questions for Wind
Turbine Projects Pub No. 5135e July 2005 |
Ministry of the Environment |
|
MOE document on website. “14. Feasibility of mitigation after installation is limited.
Owners/operators should ensure proper maintenance. MOE reviews noise impact assessments at the planning stage to
require compliance with applicable noise limits.” |
|
|
|
Occupational and
community noise Fact sheet N°258 |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
Fact
sheet from WHO with table for different environments, health effect and sound
level |
|
|
|
Guidelines for Community Noise - Executive
summary |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
Executive
Summary Different
portions of WHO guidelines are at separate URLs |
|
|
|
Guidelines for Community Noise 2. Noise Source and their measurement |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
|
|
|
|
Guidelines for Community Noise 3. Adverse health effects of noise |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
3.2
Interference with speech communication 3.3
Sleep disturbance 3.4
cardiovascular and physiological effects 3.5
Mental health effects 3.6
the effects of noise on performance 3.7 Effects of Noise on Residential Behaviour
and annoyance |
|
|
|
Guidelines for Community Noise 4. Guideline Values |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
WHO
provided guidelines for sound level maximums for different environments. Links sound levels with critical health
effects. |
|
|
|
Guidelines for
Community Noise 5. Noise Management |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
Precautionary
principle, Polluter pays, Prevention principle |
|
|
|
Guidelines for Community Noise 6. Conclusions And Recommendations |
World Health Organization |
WHO |
Recommendations
for governments i.e.
Governments should consider the protection of populations from community
noise Municipalities
should low-noise implementation plans and further research |
|
|
|
Report on the third meeting on night noise guidelines WHO
European Centre for Environment and Health, |
World Health Organization |
International |
Michaud’s
participation in international work on night noise guidelines |
|
http://www.euro.who.int/Document/NOH/3rd_NNG_final_rep_rev.pdf |
|
Directory of Public Health Contacts |
Public Health |
|
Listing
of contacts, branches in |
|
|
|
Hastings and Prince Edward Health Unit Website |
Hastings and Prince Edward Health Unit |
|
|
|
www.hpechu.on.ca |
|
Board of Directors South East Local Health Integration |
Ministry of Health and Long Term Care |
|
Board Member - John Ferguson
( Term 2007- 2008
Board Member - Margaret Werkhoven ( |
|
|
|
Why the Taralga Windfarm Environmental Impact Statement-Noise Impact
Assessment is critically flawed |
A. Miskelly |
|
Good
graphics on temperature inversion and wind speed at hub height |
|
|
|
Wind Farm Noise and regulations in the
Eastern United States 2007 Presented at @nd
International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise Lyon |
Hilkat Soysal, Oguz Soysaal |
|
Compares
noise regulations in US to other countries. Recommends noise regulations for
Wind turbines due to unique characteristics |
|
Dept
of Physics and Engineering Frostburg State MD |
|
Review of field studies of aircraft
noise-induced sleep disturbance J Acoustical Society of Jan 2007 121(1):32-41 |
D.S. Michaud |
|
Michaud’s
published work on sleep disturbance from community noise |
|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=17297758&cmd=showdetailview&indexed=google |
|
Wind
Turbine Noise 1996
Springer |
S Wagner, R Bareiss,
G Guidati - 1996 - Springer |
|
A
book on wind turbine noise – widely cited Not
seen but we probably should have a copy. |
|
This
is a book- No web llink |
|
Industrial wind
turbines, infrasound and vibro-acoustic disease
(VAD) 2007 |
Mariana Alves-Pereira |
|
This
is a summary of Mariana
Alves-Pereira presentation at Internoise
Turkey 2007. On Industrial Wind Action Group website. About VAD and one
families home were exposure to ILFN |
|
|
|
In-Home Wind Turbine Noise Is Conducive to
Vibroacoustic Disease 2007 |
Mariana Alves-Pereira Nuno A. A. Castelo Branco |
|
Abstract
form Internoise 2007 ( They
measured ILFN in home 300m from turbine, found IFLN
was higher than other measured sites where IFLN had caused VAD. |
|
|
|
Letter from Dr. Pierpont to a resident of |
Nina Pierpont |
|
Good
letter that simply outlines the problems of WT noise and vibration. |
|
http://batr.net/cohoctonwindwatch/Pierpont%20to%20Lever%20fall%202007.pdf |
|
Environmental Noise Assessment Pubnico Wind Farm Natural Resources Contract NRCAN-06-0046 Aug 2006 |
Howe Gastmeier Chapnik
Ltd (HGC) |
|
|
|
|
|
Physics, Physiology and Psychology 1996 |
Jeremy Tatum |
|
Simple
explanation of why some sounds are more annoying than others |
|
http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/WFAE/library/articles/tatum_psychology.pdf |
|
Microseismic and Infrasound
Monitoring of Low Frequency Noise and Vibrations from Windfarms |
P.Styles et al |
|
WT
produce Infrasound WT micros seismic vibrations can be
detected at >10km |
|
http://www.esci.keele.ac.uk/geophysics/dunlaw/Final_Report.pdf |
|
INFRASOUND FROM WIND
TURBINES – FACT, FICTION OR DECEPTION Canadian Acoustics / Acoustique canadienne 29 - Vol. 34 No.2 (2006) |
Geoff Leventhall
Noise and Vibration Consultant, |
Printed
in a Canadian Journal |
Quoted in EAs “Infrasound from wind turbines is below the audible threshold
and of no consequence.” However it also says “Low frequency noise is normally not a problem, except under conditions of unusually turbulent inflow air “The problem noise from wind turbines is the
fluctuating swish. This may be mistakenly referred to as infrasound by those
with a limited knowledge of acoustics, but it is entirely in the normal audio
range and is typically 500H
to 1000Hz. It is difficult to have a useful discourse with objectors
whilst they continue to use acoustical terms incorrectly. This is unfortunate, as there are wind turbine installations
which may have noise problems.” “It is the swish noise on which attention should be
focused, in order to reduce it and to obtain a proper estimate of its
effects. It will then be the responsibility of legislators to fix the
criterion levels, However, although the needs of sensitive
persons may influence decisions, limits are not normally set to satisfy the
most sensitive.” |
|
http://wind.appstate.edu/reports/06-06Leventhall-Infras-WT-CanAcoustics2.pdf |
|
Public Health and
Safety |
NYS Energy Research
and Development Authority |
|
|
|
http://www.powernaturally.org/Programs/Wind/toolkit/18_publichealthandsafety.pdf |
|
White Quarry EA
comments |
Health |
|
|
|
|
|
Safety |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wind Turbine Accident Compilation Updated to 2006 Compiled by |
David Craig |
Global but from |
103
page listing of accidents recorded with WT |
|
http://www.stopillwind.org/downloads/WindTurbineAccidentComp.pdf |
|
WIND TURBINE ICING AND PUBLIC SAFETY - A
QUANTIFIABLE RISK? |
Colin Morgan and Ervin Bossanyi Garrad
Hassan and Partners Limited Coach House, |
|
Purports
to be basis for guidelines on ice throw.
Done by calculations only.
Doesn’t seem to fit with actual observations from events. |
|
http://www.easthavenwindfarm.com/filing/feb/ehwf-ml-reb4.pdf |
|
The Website |
The |
|
Web
site of the SOSN - The Southern Ontario Seismic Network
(SOSN)
Operated by the University of Western Ontario
(Department of Earth Sciences)
for Ontario Power Generation. |
|
|
|
The Polaris/ |
The |
|
There
appears to be a station on long point near the proposed |
|
|
|
Event Map Oct 13
1997 |
The |
|
Date:
October 13 1997 Time:
11:10:28 |
|
|
|
Lightning Surge
Analysis on Wind Power Generation Connected to Transmission Line From Proceeding (409) European Power
and Energy Systems - 2003 |
Y.
Yasuda, T. Hara, and T. Funabashi ( |
|
Abstract only |
|
|
|
Wind Farm Safety
Issues |
Australian
Wind Energy Association |
|
Safety catalogue from Australian Wind Energy Association, used by Canadain Hydro Developers |
|
http://www.canhydro.com/projects/wolfeislandwind/planning_docs/AusWEA_InfoSheet11.pdf |
|
Emergency management guidelines for Wind
Farms April 2007 |
CFA |
|
Fire fighting and emergency guidelines for |
|
http://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/documents/CFA_Guidelines_For_Wind_Farms.pdf |
|
The influence
of large-scale wind power on global
climate Proceedings of the |
David W.
Keith*†, Joseph F. DeCarolis‡, David C. Denkenberger§, Donald H. Lenschow¶,
Sergey L. Malyshev_, Stephen Pacala_, and Philip J. Rasch |
(Keith) |
Large
wind energy installations can have an effect on the local climate |
|
|
|
Wake
studies around a large offshore wind farm using satellite and airborne SAR |
M.B.
Chrisitiansen, C.B. Hasager |
|
Large
turbines cause wake and wind velocity deficits approx. 10%. Wake persist for 10km- wind deficit |
|
http://www.isprs.org/publications/related/ISRSE/html/papers/272.pdf |
|
Permitting Setbacks for Wind Turbines in Blade Throw Hazard CWEC-2005-01 16 June 2005 |
Scott Larwood |
|
California Wind Energy Collaborative, sponsored by the California
Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program Done for 60m hub height, 30m blade 10m frag Blade Throw (Blade or fragment) |
|
http://cwec.ucdavis.edu/documents/CWEC-2005-001%20Setback%20and%20Blade%20Throw.pdf |
|
Property Values |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impacts of Windmill Visibility on Property
Values in |
Ben Hoen |
|
A
Masters Thesis – finds no correlation with visibility and real estate values |
|
http://www.aceny.org/pdfs/misc/Property%20Value%20Study%20Full%20Text5_24_06.pdf |
|
The Effect of Wind Development on Local
Property Values 2003 |
George Sterzinger, Fredric Beck, Damian Kostiuk |
|
Studies
effect before and after project online, compares to comparable
community. Obvious bias, not peer
reviewed. Often quoted by WF
proponents |
|
http://www.crest.org/articles/static/1/binaries/wind_online_final.pdf |
|
Impact of wind farms on the value of
residential property and agricultural land |
|
|
Property values are
impacted, starting at the time of planning, diminishing in time |
|
http://www.stopcambridgewindfarm.org.uk/documents/RICSSurvey-WindFarmEffects.pdf
|
|
Visual Impact |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
visual issue An investigation into techniques and metholodlogy used in windfarm
computer visualizations April 2007 |
Architect
Animation Studios |
|
Visual
Impact – how to assess view images, gives best practices |
|
|
|
Visual Assessment of Windfarms:
Best Practice Report No. F01AA303A |
|
|
Unpublished? For further information on this report please contact: Nigel Buchan Scottish Natural Heritage |
|
|
|
NEARSHORE WATERS OF THE |
Thomas A. Edsall, |
USA/Canada |
Background on status
of near shore in |
|
http://nsdi.epa.gov/glnpo/solec/solec_1996/Nearshore_Waters_of_the_Great_Lakes.pdf |
|
Energy
2100 Making the Lakes Great Energy Options that sustain the |
Conference
April 22-23 2008 MaRs Centre |
|
Dr.
John Gannon is scheduled to speak - Harnessing the wind; opportunities and
ecological risk |
Gannon
is on International Joint Commission |
|
|
Effects of Low Frequency Noise on Sleep Noise & Health 2004,6;23,87-91 |
K.P. Waye |
|
Links
low frequency noise even at low levels (traffic, HVAC etc) with sleep
disturbance – this leads to health problems. |
|
http://www.ninapierpont.com/pdf/Effects_of_low_frequency_noise_on_sleep.pdf |
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
Wind Turbines and Birds A Guidance Document for Environmental Assessment |
Environment |
|
South PEC meets the criteria for ‘high sensitivity’ designation |
|
www.enviroinfo@ec.gc.ca
Janice, I could not find your document. Get an odd
window asking for confirmation. Please check link. Here
is a link to the Canadian Wildlife Service, but could not find document |
|
Important Bird Area Conservation Plan 2001 |
William G. Wilson and Edward D. Cheskey |
|
|
|
|
|
Important Bird Area Conservation Plan 2001 |
William G. Wilson and Edward
D. Cheskey |
|
Local
document on south shore. Covers a lot
of material |
|
|
|
Wind Turbines and Birds A Guidance Document for Environmental Assessment 2003 |
Canadian Wildlife Service Environment |
|
Has
this been updated? |
|
http://www.canhydro.com/projects/wolfeislandwind/planning_docs/BSC_Bird_Report(May2004).pdf |
|
The effect of noise on wildlife: a literature
review |
Radle, Autumn Lyn |
|
Review
not too much usable –mostly deals with aircraft noise, lots of references |
|
http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/WFAE/library/articles/radle_effect_noise_wildlife.pdf |
|
Energy
Policy Reform and Revitalization Act of 2007 |
Congressman Rahall,
Chairman of the House Natural Resources Com. |
|
Just
introduced, the bill addresses the safe siting of
wind energy facilities; deals with cumulative impact on wildlife, surveys by
independent scientists, survey protocols properly developed, the AVOIDANCE of
ecologically sensitive areas…such as migration corridors. |
|
|
|
Assessing
Impacts of Wind-Energy Development on Nocturnally Active Birds & Bats: A
Guidance Document October 2007 |
several in the
Journal of Wildlife Management 71 |
|
The
authors suggest best practices for research & monitoring studies;
Mentions mitigating local & CUMULATIVE impacts on nocturnally active birds & bats. |
|
|
|
Guidelines
for conducting bird and bat studies at commercial wind Energy projects November 2007 |
The
Dept. of Environmental Conservation through a stakeholder process Sponsored by the New York State
Energy Research & Development Authority |
|
Comment: states that: Currently, the nature and
severity of both site-specific and cumulative impacts that commercial wind
energy projects may have on birds and bats in : Jan. 29, 2008 Environment News Service www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jan2008/2008-01-28-092.asp”
This article mentions the guideline consideration: whether the location of
the project is within five miles of the Atlantic coastline or the shoreline
of one of the Great Lakes- areas that are frequented by birds and bats. |
|
|
|
Bird
migration studies and potential collision risk with offshore wind
turbines March 31, 2006 |
British
Ornithologists’ |
|
states
that: the influences of construction and maintenance works must be considered;
different techniques of measurement including radar, thermal imaging, and visual and acoustic observations be
used; migration to be observed all year round with considerable variation of
intensity, time, altitude & species, depending on season & weather
conditions. |
|
|
|
Canadian
Environmental Protection Act 1999-2000 |
|
|
“an
act respecting pollution prevention & the protection of the environment &
human health in order to contribute to sustainable development” |
|
www.ec.gc.ca/CEPARregistry/the-act/ |
|
Survey
on the Importance of Nature to Canadians 1996-97 |
CEPAR |
|
“the
economic valuation of the environmental goods & services that benefit
people & the economy” |
|
|
|
The
Environmental Bill of Rights: A Practical Guide |
Emond Montgomery Publications |
|
Environmental
law Cost
is $34 |
|
|
|
Environmental
Bill of Rights |
|
|
|
|
|
|
United
Nations Environment Programme Division of Environmental
Law and Conventions |
|
|
|
|
http://www.unep.org/dec/onlinemanual/Enforcement/InstitutionalFr...
|
|
An
Environmental Bill of Rights-Ontario Style 1993? |
D.
|
|
“Typical
of much |
www.emp.ca |
|
|
GUIDE
TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICITY PROJECTS |
Ministry
of the Environment March 2001 |
|
Page
37: In determining the significance of any negative net effects of the
project, the proponent should consider the value or importance of the
resource being affected, the magnitude of the effect and its duration, the
extent or distribution of the effect, whether the effect can be reversed over
time, and the ecological and social context of the effect. In concluding the
Environmental Review, the proponent should assess the overall advantages and
disadvantages of the project. This is an |
|
|
|
WIND
TURBINES AND BIRDS / A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT |
Environment
|
|
Page
17: Table 1. Site sensitivity: Very High Determining
Factor: 1. The presence of a bird species listed “at risk” by the SARA,
COSEWIC or provincial/territorial ranking ……To be of concern, either the bird
or its residence or critical habitat must be considered to be potentially
affected by the project. Factor
2. Site contains or is adjacent to a large or important bird colony, such as
herons, gulls, terns and seabirds Factor
3. Site contains significant staging or wintering area for waterfowl or
shorebirds, or significant areas of bird concentrations Factor
4. Site is in, or is adjacent to, an area recognized as nationally important
for birds (eg. By being located in or adjacent to a
National Wildlife Area, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, IMPORTANT BIRD AREA, National Park….. Factor
4. Site contains large concentrations of raptors (This would include Cnty. Rd. 17) Factor
5. Site is on a known migration corridor. |
|
Most
of these criteria apply to Hard
copy available. |
|
GUIDELINE
TO ASSIST MNR STAFF IN THE REVIEW OF WIND POWER PROPOSALS/ Potential Impacts to Birds and Bird
Habitats October 2006 |
|
|
|
|
Hard
copy available |
|
CANADA-ONTARIO
AGREEMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT COOPERATION November 2004 |
|
|
See
page 16 for: Class Environmental Assessment, Class Screenings and Electricity
Projects. Also see pg.17 (3) The
proponent(s) will present its findings on the predicted environmental effects
of the project in a single body of documentation. |
|
www.ene.gov.on.ca/programs/4898e.pdf |
|
|
|
|
All
the conservation supports against turbines being here are in this document.
The IBA is extensive! There is also a great bibliography and program
partners. |
|
|
|
INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATORY BIRD ACT/ 1994-95 |
|
US |
Originally
between the |
|
|
|
THE
MIGRATORY BIRDS CONVENTION ACT & REGULATIONS |
|
|
|
|
www.mb..ec.gc/nature/migratorybirds/dc00s06.en.html |
|
AUDUBON
REPORTS |
|
|
The
2007 Audubon Report as reported in the New York Times on June19 states that
we are witnessing a massive, widespread decline in meadow-dwelling bird
species in |
|
|
|
BAT
CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL |
|
|
|
|
Actions Being Taken by
Other Local Governments
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
Lyme wind law sets example for other towns
|
Town
and Planning Boards of Lyme |
US |
|
|
|
Gillespie County TX Economic Development
Commission resolution on Industrial Wind Farms
|
|
US |
“the
commission is concerned that property owners who exercise their property
rights and sign lease options with industrial wind companies are actually
relinquishing control of their property” |
|
|
Chilton Township Wind Energy Systems
licensing ordinance
|
|
US |
|
|
http://www.windaction.org/documents/13615 Follow
links at bottom of page to documents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lawyer
seeking full EA for entire municipality, news item, 2008 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
Meredith
wind law 2008 |
Meredith
NY |
US |
The
town of |
|
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
|
Torrie Smith Associates for the David
Suzuki Foundation |
|
Lots
of Canadian data. Start with pages 20-23. |
|
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/files/Kyoto_Beyond_LR.pdf |
|
Bright
Future: Avoiding Blackouts in Ontario 2003 |
David
Suzuki Foundation |
|
Includes
|
US
|
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/files/Climate/Ontario/brightfuture.pdf |
|
The
Green Guide to David Suzuki’s Nature Challenge 2003 |
David
Suzuki Foundation |
|
Lots
of Canadian data |
|
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/files/WOL/GreenGuide.pdf |
|
Power
for the Future |
Pembina
Institute |
|
Program
for Pembina
is a wind supporter |
|
http://pubs.pembina.org/reports/energyreport-fullreport_a.pdf 6
MB document |
|
Site |
|
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
Renewable
Energy Foundation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country
Guardian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industrial
Wind Action Group |
|
US |
Extensive
repository for wind info. Go to site and use search facility to research a
topic |
|
|
|
Energy
Probe |
|
|
Good
wind documents |
|
http://www.energyprobe.org/energyprobe/index.cfm?DSP=subcontent&AreaID=189 |
|
National
Wind Watch |
|
US |
|
|
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
Independent Power Corp
|
website |
|
Website
for Independent Power-this is the company that has approached some local land
owners. Different business model than
most developers. i.e.
will pay non-participants. Partnered (purchased by German company) |
|
Our
Compilations/Analyses/Reports
|
Document Title/Date |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Documents that would
have to be purchased
|
Document |
Author |
Country of Origin |
Comment |
Classification/ Cross Reference |
Web Link |
|
2006
Wind Power Report |
ABS Energy Research |
|
Comprehensive report countering most of the
wind proponents’ myths. Link is to press release. About $1,700. |
|
|
|
Wind-energy harnessing: Global, national and local considerationsApplied Energy Volume 54, Issue 2, June 1996, Pages 103-179 |
Trevor Price, Jenny Bunn, Doug Probert
and Richard Hales |
|
Abstract
only A
review of the global issues of wind-energy capture and use is given, along
with a case for developing the wind-energy potential of part of the |
|
|
|
Uncloaking
the Nature of Wind turbines – Using the Science of Meteorology |
W.
Palmer |
|
Good
references to Goderich area projects and resulting
unmasked noise. Shows problem with MOE
and IEC61400-11 (Only have abstract from conference) |
|
|
|
Evaluating
the potential health impacts of wind turbine noise for environmental
assessments Second
International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise Lyon |
D.S.
Michaud, S.E. Keith |
|
Abstract
only- Health |
|
|
|
Wind turbine noise,
annoyance and self-reported health and well-being in different living
environments. Occupational and
Environmental Medicine 2007 Jul;64(7):480-6.
Epub 2007 Mar 1. |
|
Only
have abstract CONCLUSION:
There is a need to take the unique environment into account when planning a
new wind farm so that adverse health effects are avoided. The influence of
area-related factors should also be considered in future community noise
research. |
|
||
|
Perception and
annoyance due to wind turbine noise--a dose-response relationship. J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Dec;116(6):3460-70. |
|
Only
have abstract The
unexpected high proportion of annoyance could be due to visual interference,
influencing noise annoyance, as well as the presence of intrusive sound
characteristics. The respondents' attitude to the visual impact of wind
turbines on the landscape scenery was found to influence noise annoyance. |
|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=15658697&cmd=showdetailview&indexed=google |
|
|
Living
in the vicinity of wind turbines – a
grounded theory study. Qualitative Research in Psychology. Jan 2007 |
Pedersen,
E., Hallberg, L.R.-M., and Persson
Waye, K. |
|
Abstract only - |
|
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a783888759~db=all~jumptype=rss |
|
The likely adverse
environmental impacts of renewable energy sources Applied Energy |
S. A. Abbas, and
Naseema Abbasi Centre for Pollution
Control & Energy Technology, |
|
Abstract
only Read It
then comes up with the broad conclusion that renewable energy sources are not
the panacea they are popularly perceived to be; indeed in some cases their
adverse environmental impacts can be as strongly negative as the impacts of
conventional energy sources. |
|
|
|
Visual
assessment of off-shore wind turbines: The influence of distance, contrast,
movement and social variables Renewable Energy |
Ian D. Bishop and David R. Miller |
|
Abstract
only – need to get copy This
paper more firmly establishes the parameters of wind turbine visibility and
impact at different distances from the viewer, under different lighting and
atmospheric conditions and with moving or stationary blades |
|